Toyota Landcruiser 1990 - 2007 Diesel 70 80 100 series Ellery Repair Manual - NEW

The Toyota Land Cruiser is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles produced by the Japanese car maker Toyota Motor Corporation. Development of the first generation Land Cruiser began in 1951 as Toyota's version of a Jeep-like vehicle and production started in 1954. The Land Cruiser has been produced in convertible, hardtop, station wagon, and utility truck versions, and it is currently Toyota's flagship 4WD vehicle. The Land Cruiser's reliability and longevity has led to huge popularity, especially in Australia where it is the best-selling full-size, body-on-frame, four-wheel drive vehicle.Toyota also extensively tests the Land Cruiser in the Australian outback—considered to be one of the toughest operating environments in terms of both temperature and terrain.

20 Series

20 Series Production 1955-1960
Assembly ARACO
Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan
Body style(s) 2-door Softtop
2-door Hardtop
2-door pickup truck
4-door Station wagon
Layout FR layout
Engine(s) 3.9 L I6 F petrol
Wheelbase 2,710 mm (106.7 in)

* 1955 - The Second generation, 20 Series was introduced. It was designed to have more civilian appeal than the BJ for export reasons. It also had more stylish bodywork and a better ride thanks to longer four-plate leaf springs which had been adapted from the Toyota Light Truck. It had a more powerful 3.9-liter six-cylinder Type F gasoline engine. The interior of the vehicles were made more comfortable by moving the engine 120 mm (4.7 in) forward. The 20 Series still had no low range, but it had synchromesh on the third and fourth gears.
* 1958 - The first Station wagon Land Cruiser was introduced with an even longer 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase (the FJ35V; wagon and van). The FJ25 production started in Brazil being the first Toyota vehicle built outside Japan.
* 1957 - A 4-door Station Wagon was added as the FJ35V. Land Cruisers were first imported into Australia by B&D Motors as FJ25/28 cab chassis with Australian made bodies.They were the first Japanese cars to be regularly exported to the country and were initially used in the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme.

40 Series
40 Series Toyota Land Cruiser (BJ40LV)
Also called Toyota Macho (Venezuela)
Production 1960-1984
Assembly ARACO
Yoshiwara,Aichi, Japan
Body style(s) 2-door Softtop
2-door Hardtop
2-door pickup truck
4-door Station wagon
Layout FR layout
Engine(s) 3.0 L I4 B diesel
3.9 L I6 F petrol
4.2 L I6 2F petrol
3.6 L I6 H diesel
Wheelbase 90 in (2286 mm)
Length 151.2 in (3840.5 mm)
Width 65.6 in (1666.2 mm)
Height Softtop 76.8 in (1950.7 mm)
Hardtop 78.8 in (2001.5 mm)
Curb weight Softtop 3,263 lb (1,480 kg)
Hardtop 3,427 lb (1,554 kg)
Fuel capacity 18.5 US gallons
Main article: Toyota FJ40

* 1960 - The 20 Series was upgraded to the now classic 40. Toyota made many production changes by buying new steel presses. Mechanically, the FJ40 was given a new 125 hp, 3.9 liter F engine and the Land Cruiser finally received low-range gearing. The Brazilian model was rebadged the Bandeirante and received a Mercedes-Benz built Diesel engine generating 78 hp.
* 1965 - Global production surpassed 50,000 vehicles.
The Land Cruiser was the best selling Toyota in the United States.
* 1968 - The 100,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
* 1972 - The 200,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
* 1973 - The 300,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
The first diesel Land Cruiser was introduced for export on long wheelbase models with a six-cylinder H engine.
* 1974 - A four-cylinder 3.0-liter B diesel was offered. The introduction of this engine boosted sales in Japan by putting the Land Cruiser in a lower tax compact Freight-car category than its 3.9-liter gasoline version. Note: the new B diesel engine was different from the B gasoline engine used in the original BJ.
* 1975 - The 3.9-liter gasoline engine was replaced by a larger, more powerful 4.2-liter 2F unit.
The FJ55 received front disc brakes.
* 1976 - United States-version FJ40 Land Cruisers received front disc brakes like the FJ55.
The Toyota Land Cruiser Association was founded in California.
* 1977 - The Irish Army took delivery of the first of 77 FJ45 Land Cruisers. Although fast, reliable and with good off-road performance the type tended to rust excessively in the wet Irish climate. A few which did not succumb to the effects of weather were repainted in gloss olive green and survive as ceremonial gun tractors at military funerals.
* 1978 - The first BJ / FJ40 and FJ55 models were officially sold in West Germany with both diesel (BJ40) and petrol engines (FJ40 /55).
* 1979 - United States-version FJ40s were updated this year with a new wider, square bezel surrounding the headlights.
Power steering and cooler were offered in FJ40s for the first time.
The diesel engine was improved, evolving into the 3.2-liter 2B only in Japan.
The 3.6-liter H diesel engine was optional in some markets.
* 1981 - the Diesel version received front disc brakes and the more powerful 3.4-liter 3B engine.

50 Series
50 Series Toyota Land Cruiser (FJ55LG)
Production 1967-1980
Assembly ARACO
Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan
Body style(s) 4-door station wagon
Layout Front engine four-wheel drive
Engine(s) 3.9 L I6 F petrol
4.2 L I6 2F petrol
Transmission(s) 3 or 4-speed manual (J30, H41 or H42)
Wheelbase 2,710 mm (106.7 in)
Length 4,673 mm (184.0 in)
Width 1,710 mm (67.3 in)
Height 1,864 mm (73.4 in)

* 1967 - Production of the FJ55 began. The FJ55 was a 4-door station wagon version based on the FJ40's Drive-train, replacing the 4-Door FJ45V (I). It was colloquially known as the "Moose". It has also been referred to as a pig or an iron pig. The FJ55 had a longer wheelbase 2710 mm and was designed to be sold in North America and Australia.
* Jan 1975 saw the F engine replaced by the 2F engine. Unusually for Toyota, the model (e.g. FJ55) did not change.
* Model 56 is in Japan only, with 2F engine ( Jan. 1975 - Jul. 1980 ).

60 Series
60 Series
Toyota Land Cruiser (FJ62LG)
Also called Toyota Samurai (Venezuela)
Production 1980-1990
Assembly ARACO
Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan
Body style(s) 4-door station wagon
Layout Front engine, four-wheel drive
Engine(s) 3.4 L I4 3B diesel
3.4 L I4 13B-T diesel turbo
4.2 L I6 2F petrol
4.0 L I6 3F petrol
4.0 L I6 2H diesel
4.0 L I6 12H-T diesel turbo
4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel
4.2 L I6 1HD-T diesel turbo
Transmission(s) 4-speed manual H41F or H42F
4-speed automatic A440F
5-speed manual H55F (non-US)
Wheelbase 2,730 mm (107.5 in)
Length 4,675 mm (184.1 in)
Width 1,800 mm (70.9 in)
Height 1,750 mm (68.9 in)

The original Toyota Land Cruiser FJ 60 was available for purchase from 1981 through 1987. It is a front engine four door wagon which has available seating of five to seven. It is well known in the off-roading community for its tremendous 4X4 capabilities, despite being somewhat limited by its poor departure angle. The FJ 60 was offered in the following solid exterior colors: Alpine White, Brown, Desert Beige, Freeborn Red, Royal Blue; and in the following metallic exterior colors: Charcoal Gray, Cognac, Gray-Blue, Rootbeer, Sky Blue, Stardust Silver. In contrast to the FJ 62, the FJ 60 exhibits the classic round Land Cruiser headlights which are replicated now on the retro-style FJ Cruiser.

* 1980 - The 60 series was introduced. While still retaining the rugged off-road characteristics of previous Land Cruisers, the 60 was designed to better compete in the emerging sport utility vehicle market. The 60 was given a variety of comforts like air conditioning, a rear heater and an upgraded interior. The FJ60's "2F" petrol engine was left unchanged from the "40" series while six-cylinder 4.0 litre 2H and four-cylinder 3.4 litre 3B diesel engines were added to the product line.
* 1981 - Land Cruiser sales surpassed 1 million and a high-roof version was introduced. The 60 was introduced to South Africa when a stock Land Cruiser competed in the Toyota 1000 km Desert Race in the punishing wilds of Botswana.
* 1984 - This was the final year for the 40. Specialist suppliers of aftermarket parts and restorers who return old FJ40s to better-than-new condition replace Toyota dealers as the main source of Land Cruiser expertise.
* 1984 - Alongside the 60, the Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series were introduced.
* 1985 - The Direct-injection 12H-T and 13B-T turbodiesel engine were introduced.
* 1988 - The petrol engine was upgraded to a 4.0-litre 3F-E EFI engine. The FJ62G VX-Series was introduced allowing the Land Cruiser to be sold in Japan as a passenger vehicle.
* 1990 - The 80 series station wagon was introduced, replacing the 60. The 80 was initially offered with a choice of three engines; the 3F-E six-cylinder petrol engine, a six-cylinder the 1HZ diesel and 1HD-T direct injection turbodiesel.
* 1990 - All 80s sold in North America and Europe now have a full-time four-wheel drive system. In Japan, Africa and Australia, a part-time system was still available. 80s produced between 1990 and 1991 had an open centre differential which was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO. From 1992 onward, vehicles with anti-lock brakes had a viscous coupling that sent a maximum of 30% torque to the non-slipping axle. The differential was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO.

100 Series

In April 1998, the 100 series Land Cruiser was introduced to replace the 8-year-old 80 series.There are two distinct versions of the 100-series, the 100 and the 105. The two versions look very similar, but there are significant differences under the bodywork. Despite these differences and official model names, both the 100 and 105 are collectively known as the 100 series. The 105 carried over the majority of it’s chassis and powertrain from the 80-series with coil suspended solid axles front & rear, and straight-6 petrol and diesel engines. These models were only sold in African, Australian and South American markets. The 100 models were fitted with a slightly wider chassis, independent front suspension (IFS) and two new engines. The change to IFS was a first for a Land Cruiser, and was made (in combination with rack-and-pinion steering) to improve on-road handling. However it also limited the vehicle’s off-road capability and durability, hence the decision to offer the solid axle 105 models alongside the IFS 100 models in some markets. The table below identifies the range of 100 and 105 models and their worldwide availability.

Although the 100 and 105 bodies are identical, there are some exterior visual indications between the two. The most obvious is the front end of the vehicle often appearing lower than the rear on the 100 models, due to the IFS. The other indicator is the design of the wheels. The 100 models have almost flat wheel designs, while he 105 models have dished wheels. This difference allows the two versions to retain similar wheel tracks, even though the 100 has a significantly wider axle track to allow for the IFS system. The introduction of a V8 engine was also a first for a Land Cruiser, and was specifically intended to improve sales in the North-American market, where it was the only engine available. In Australia, the 100 V8 was initially only available in the range-topping GXV model, while entry and mid-range models were the 105 powered by the 1FZ-FE I6 petrol, or 1Hz diesel engines. The new 1HD-FTE turbo-diesel 100 was added to the Australian range in October 2000 after being available in Europe and the UK since launch in 1998. The 4WD media in Australia were critical of Toyota’s decision to offer the acclaimed 1HD-FTE engine only in combination with IFS. Australian 4WD Monthly magazine said "We will never forgive Toyota for going independent at the front with the mighty 4.2 turbo-diesel". The 100 series formed the basis for the Lexus LX470, which was also sold in Japan as the Toyota Cygnus. The 100 series was called the Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon in the UK and Ireland from 1998 to 2003. In 2000, Toyota celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Land Cruiser with commemorative models offered in several countries. Total global production to date was 3.72 million vehicles. The 100 series remained in production until late 2007, with several minor facelifts and specification changes introduced over the years.

Toyota Landcruiser 1990 - 2007 Diesel - Ellery Repair Manual NEW 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

The diesel engine (also recognized as a compression-ignition engine) is an internal burning engine that makes use of the heat of compression to start ignition and burn the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber. This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as compared to gasoline), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture.

The diesel engine has got the highest thermal efficiency of every standard internal or external combustion engine because of its very high compression proportion. Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant) can have a thermal efficiency that surpasses 50%.

Diesel engines are manufactured in two-stroke and four-stroke versions. They were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1910s they've been used in ships and submarines. Use within locomotives, trucks, heavy equipment and electric generating plants followed later. When you look at the 1930s, they gradually started to be used in a few automobiles. Since the 1970s, the usage of diesel engines in larger on-road and off-road vehicles into the USA increased. According to the British Society of Motor Manufacturing and Traders, the EU average for diesel cars account for 50% of the total sold, including 70% in France and 38% in the UK.

His engines, built from 1891 by Richard Hornsby and Sons, were the first internal combustion engine to use a pressurised fuel shot system. The Hornsby-Akroyd engine used a comparatively low compression proportion, so that the temperature of the atmosphere compressed in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke wasn't large enough to initiate combustion. Combustion instead took place in a separated combustion chamber, the "vaporizer" (also known as the "hot bulb") mounted in the cylinder mind, into which fuel was sprayed. Self-ignition took place from contact amongst the fuel-air mixture and the hot walls of the vaporizer. As the engine's load increased, so did the temperature of the lamp, causing the ignition period to advance; to counteract pre-ignition, water was dripped into the air intake.

The modern-day Diesel engine incorporates the attributes of direct (airless) compression-ignition and injection. Both ideas were patented by Akroyd Stuart and Charles Richard Binney in May 1890. Another patent was taken out on 8 October 1890, describing the working of a total engine - essentially compared to a diesel engine - where air and fuel are introduced separately. The difference between the Akroyd engine and the modern Diesel engine was the need to supply added heat to the cylinder to start the engine from cold. By 1892, Akroyd Stuart had produced an updated version of the engine that no longer necessary the extra temperature resource, a year before Diesel's engine.

Diesel's original 1897 engine on screen at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany

In 1892, Akroyd Stuart patented a water-jacketed vaporiser to allow compression percentages to be increased. In the same Thomas, year Henry Barton at Hornsbys built a working high-compression version for experimental purposes, whereby the vaporiser had been replaced with a cylinder head, therefore not relying on air being preheated, but by combustion through larger compression ratios. Information technology ran for six hours - the initial time automatic ignition was created by compression alone. This was five years before Rudolf Diesel built his well-known high-compression prototype engine in 1897.

Rudolf Diesel was, however, subsequently credited with the innovation, and he was able to improve the engine further, whereas Akroyd Stuart stopped development on their engine in 1893.

In 1892 Diesel received patents in Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United reports for "Process of and Apparatus for Converting Heat into Work". In 1893 he described a "slow-combustion engine" that first compressed air thereby elevating its temperature above the igniting-point of the fuel, then gradually introducing fuel while letting the blend expand "against resistance sufficiently to avoid a vital increase of temperature and pressure", then cutting off fuel and "expanding without transfer of heat". In 1894 and 1895 he filed patents and addenda in various countries for his Diesel engine; the first patents had been issued in Spain (No. 16,654), France (No. 243,531) and Belgium (No. 113,139) in December 1894, and in Germany (No. 86,633) in 1895 and the United States (No. 608,845) in 1898. He operated his very first successful engine in 1897.

At Augsburg, on August 10, 1893, Rudolf Diesel's prime model, a single 10-foot (3.0 m) iron cylinder with a flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the primary time. Diesel spent two more years making improvements and in 1896 demonstrated another design with a theoretical efficiency of 75%, in comparison to the 10% efficiency from the steam engine. By 1898, Diesel had become a millionaire. His applications were used to power pipelines, electrical and water plants, automobiles and trucks, and marine craft. They were soon to be applied in mines, petroleum fields, industrial facilities, and transoceanic delivery.

Fuel shot is actually a program for admitting fuel into an internal burning motor. It provides become the main fuel delivery program used in automotive machines, having changed carburetors during the 1980s and 1990s. A variety of injection techniques have been around since the earliest usage of the inner combustion engine.

The primary distinction between carburetors and gasoline injection is that gas injection atomizes the gas by forcibly working it through a small nozzle under high stress, while a carburetor hinges on suction created by intake air accelerated through a Venturi pipe to draw the fuel into the airstream.

Modern fuel injection systems are designed specifically for any type of fuel being used. Some systems are made for multiple levels of fuel (using sensors to conform the tuning for the fuel currently used). Most energy injection systems are for diesel or gasoline applications.

The functional objectives for fuel injection programs can vary. All share the central activity of providing fuel to the combustion process, but it is a design decision how a certain system is optimized. There are lots of competing objectives such as:

Power output

Fuel efficiency

Pollutants performance

Ability to accommodate alternative fuels

Reliability

Driveability and smooth operation

Initial cost

Maintenance cost

Diagnostic capability

Range of ecological operation

Engine tuning

The modern-day digital electronic energy shot program is more capable at optimizing these competing objectives consistently than earlier fuel delivery systems (such as carburetors). Carburetors have the possibility to atomize fuel better (see Pogue and Allen Caggiano patents).

Herbert Akroyd Stuart developed the first device with a style similar to modern fuel injection, using a 'jerk pump' to meter out fuel oil at high pressure to an injector. This method was used in the hot lamp engine and was adjusted and improved by Clessie and Bosch Cummins for use on diesel engines (Rudolf Diesel's original system employed a cumbersome 'air-blast' system using highly condensed air). Energy injection was in widespread commercial utilize in diesel engines by the mid-1920s.

An early usage of indirect gasoline injection dates straight back to 1902, when French aviation engineer Leon Levavasseur pioneered it on his Antoinette 8V aircraft powerplant.

Another early use of gasoline direct injection (i.e. injection of gasoline, also known as petrol) was on the Hesselman motor invented by Swedish engineer Jonas Hesselman in 1925. Hesselman engines make use of the ultra lean burn principle; gas is injected toward the end of the compression stroke, then ignited with a spark plug. They tend to be started on gasoline and after that turned to diesel or kerosene.

Direct fuel treatment was used in notable World conflict II aero-engines such as the Junkers Jumo 210, the Daimler-Benz DB 601, the BMW 801, the Shvetsov ASh-82FN (M-82FN). German direct injection petrol engines used injection systems developed by Bosch from their own diesel injection systems. Later versions of the Rolls-Royce Merlin and Wright R-3350 used single point fuel shot, at the amount of time called "Pressure Carburettor". Because of to the wartime connection between Germany and Japan, Mitsubishi also had two radial aircraft engines making use of fuel injection, the Mitsubishi Kinsei (kinsei means "venus") and the Mitsubishi Kasei (kasei indicates "mars").

Alfa Romeo tested one of the first electronic injection systems (Caproni-Fuscaldo) in Alfa Romeo 6C2500 with "Ala spessa" body in 1940 Mille Miglia. The engine had six electrically operated injectors and were fed by a semi-high force circulating gas pump system.

The invention of mechanical injection for gasoline-fueled aviation engines was because of the French inventor of the V8 engine configuration, Leon Levavasseur in 1902. Levavasseur designed the initial Antoinette firm's series of V-form aero engines, beginning with the Antoinette 8V to be used through the aircraft the Antoinette company built that Levavasseur also flown, designed from 1906 to the firm's demise in 1910, with the world's first V16 engine, using Levavasseur's direct injection and producing some 100 hp, flying an Antoinette VII monoplane in 1907.

The first post-World War I example of immediate gasoline shot ended up being on the Hesselman engine invented by Swedish engineer Jonas Hesselman in 1925. Hesselman engines used the ultra lean burn principle and injected the fuel into the end of the compression stroke and subsequently ignited it with a spark plug, it was often started on gasoline and then switched over to work on diesel or kerosene. The Hesselman motor was a low compression layout made to run on hefty fuel natural oils.

Direct gasoline injection was applied during the next World conflict to almost all higher-output production aircraft powerplants made in Germany (the widely used BMW 801 radial, plus the popular inverted inline V12 Daimler-Benz DB 601, DB 603 and DB 605, along using the similar Junkers Jumo 210G, Jumo 211 and Jumo 213, starting as early as 1937 for both the Jumo 210G and DB 601), the Soviet Union (Shvetsov ASh-82FN radial, 1943, Chemical Automatics Design Bureau - KB Khimavtomatika) and the USA (Wright R-3350 Duplex Cyclone radial, 1944).

Right away following the war, hot rodder Stuart Hilborn began to offer mechanical injection for race cars, salt vehicles, and midgets, well-known and simply distinguishable because of their notable velocity stacks projecting upwards from the engine they were used on.

The first automotive direct injection method used to operate on gasoline was developed by Bosch, and was introduced by Goliath for their Goliath GP700 automobile, and Gutbrod in 1952. This had been essentially a high-pressure diesel direct-injection pump with an intake throttle valve set up. (Diesels only change the amount of gas injected to vary output; there is no throttle.) This program used a normal petrol gasoline pump, to provide fuel to a mechanically driven injection pump, which had separate plungers per injector to offer a tremendously high injection pressure immediately into the combustion chamber. The 1954 Mercedes-Benz W196 Formula 1 racing car engine used Bosch direct injection derived from wartime aero engines. Following this racetrack success, the 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SL, the first manufacturing sports vehicle to use fuel injection, used direct injection. The same engine was used in the Mercedes-Benz 300SLR famously driven by Stirling Moss to victory in the 1955 Mille Miglia. The Bosch fuel injectors were placed into the bores regarding the cylinder wall made use of by the spark plugs in other Mercedes-Benz six-cylinder engines (the spark plugs were moved towards the cylinder mind). Later, more mainstream applications of fuel injection favored the less-expensive indirect injection techniques.

Chevrolet introduced a mechanical energy injection option, produced by General Motors' Rochester Products division, for its 283 V8 engine in 1956 (1957 US model year). This system directed the inducted engine air across a "spoon shaped" plunger that moved in proportion to the air volume. The plunger connected to the fuel metering system that mechanically dispensed fuel to the cylinders via distribution tubes. This system wasn't a "pulse" or intermittent injection, but rather a continual stream system, metering fuel to all cylinders simultaneously from a central "spider" of injection contours. The fuel meter adjusted the quantity of flow according to engine load and speed, and included a fuel reservoir, which was similar to a carburetor's float chamber. With its very own high-pressure fuel push driven by a wire from the distributor towards the fuel meter, the system supplied the necessary pressure for injection. This was a "port" injection where the injectors are found in the intake manifold, very near the intake valve.

During the 1960s, other mechanized injection systems such as Hilborn were from time to time used on altered American V8 engines in various racing applications such as drag racing, oval racing, and road racing. These racing-derived systems had been not appropriate for everyday street use, having no provisions for reduced speed metering, or often none even for beginning (starting required that fuel be squirted into the injector tubes while cranking the engine). However, these people were a favorite in the aforementioned competition trials in which essentially wide-open throttle operation was prevalent. Constant-flow injection methods continue to be used at the highest amounts of drag racing, where high-RPM, full-throttle functionality is essential.

Another mechanical system, made by Bosch called Jetronic, but injecting the gasoline into the port above the intake valve, was used by several European car makers, particularly Porsche from 1969 until 1973 in the 911 creation range and until 1975 in the Carrera 3.0 in Europe. Porsche carried on using this system on its racing cars into the late seventies and very early eighties. Porsche racing variants such as the 911 RSR 2.7 & 3.0, 904/6, 906, 907, 908, 910, 917 (in its regular normally aspirated or 5.5 Liter/1500 HP Turbocharged form), and 935 all used Bosch or Kugelfischer built variants of injection. The first Bosch Jetronic systems were also used by BMW,, Volvo, Audi Volkswagen, and many others. The Kugelfischer method was also utilized because of the BMW 2000/2002 some versions and Tii of the Peugeot 404/504 and Lancia Flavia. Lucas also offered a mechanical system that was made use of by some Aston, Maserati Martin, and Triumph models between 1963 and 1973.

A system just like the Bosch inline mechanical push was constructed by SPICA for Alfa Romeo, used on the Alfa Romeo Montreal and on U.S. market 1750 and 2000 versions from 1969 to 1981. This was designed in order to meet the U.S. emission needs with no reduction in performance and it also reduced fuel consumption.

Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Japan, Aichi. In 2013 the multinational corporation consisted of 333,498 employees worldwide and, as of January 2014, may be the fourteenth-largest company in the globe by revenue. Toyota ended up being the largest vehicle manufacturer in 2012 (by production). In July of that year, the company reported the production of its 200-millionth vehicle. Toyota may be the world's first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million automobiles per year. It did so in 2012 according to OICA, and in 2013 according to company data. As of November 2013, Toyota was the largest noted business in Japan by industry capitalization (worth more than twice as much as #2-ranked SoftBank) and by revenue.

The company ended up being launched by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to make automobiles. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and, in 1936, its first passenger car, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under 5 brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Scion. Information technology in addition holds a 51.2% stake in Daihatsu, a 16.66% stake in Fuji Heavy Industries, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu, and a 0.27% stake in Tesla, as well as joint-ventures with two in China (GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota engine), one in India (Toyota Kirloskar), one in the Czech Republic (TPCA), along with numerous "nonautomotive" companies. TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world.

As of 2009, Toyota officially details approximately 70 different models sold under its namesake brand, including vehicles, hybrids, vans, sedans, coupes, and crossovers. Many of these models are produced as passenger sedans, which range from the subcompact Toyota Yaris, to compact Corolla, to mid-size Camry, and full-size Avalon. Vans include the Previa/Estima, Sienna, and others. Several small vehicles, such as the xB and tC, are sold under the Scion brand.

Toyota crossovers are normally taken for the compact Matrix and RAV4, to midsize Kluger/Highlander and Venza. Toyota SUVs range from the midsize 4Runner to full-size Land Cruiser. Other SUVs include the Prado, FJ Cruiser, Fortuner, and Sequoia.

Toyota first added the collection truck market in 1947 with the SB that was only sold in Japan and limited Asian markets. Information technology was followed in 1954 through the RK (renamed in 1959 as the Stout) and in 1968 by the compact Hilux. With continued refinement, the Hilux (simply known whilst the Pickup in some marketplaces) became well-known for being extremely durable and trustworthy, and several trucks from as early as the late 1970s will always be on the road today, some with more than 300,000 mile after mile. Extended and crew cab versions of these small haulers would eventually be added, and Toyota continues to produce them today under various names relying on the marketplace.

Riding in the success of the lightweight pickups in the US, Toyota decided to attempt to enter into the traditionally domestic-dominated full-size pickup market, introducing the T100 for the 1993 US model year, with creation ending in 1998. While having a bed at the original full-size duration of 8 the suspension, engine and feet qualities had been however similar to that of a compact pickup. It proved to be as economical and reliable as any typical Toyota pickup, but sales never became what Toyota brass had hoped for. It was criticized as being as well small to attract to the original US full-size pickup buyer. Another prominent full-size truck essential, a V8 engine, was never available. Additionally, the truck was at first only available as a frequent cab, though Toyota addressed this shortcoming and added the Xtracab version in mid-1995.

In 1999 for the 2000 model year, Toyota replaced the T100 with the larger Tundra. The Tundra resolved criticisms that the T100 did not have the feel and look of a legitimate American-style full-size pickup. Information technology also added the V8 engine that the T100 had been slammed for not having. However, the Tundra however came up short in towing capacity along with still feeling slightly carlike. These worries had been addressed with an even larger 2007 overhaul. A more powerful V6 and a second V8 engine among other activities were added to the option list. As of early 2010, the Tundra has captured 16 percent of the full-size half-ton market in the US. The all-new Tundra was assembled in San Antonio, Texas, US. Toyota assembled around 150,000 Standard and Double Cabs, and only 70,000 team Max's in 2007. The smaller Tacoma (which traces its roots back to the original Hilux) was also produced at the company's San Antonio facility.

Outside the United reports, Toyota produced the Hilux in Standard and Double Cab, gas and diesel engine, 2WD and 4WD versions. The BBC's Top Gear TV show highlighted two episodes of a Hilux that was deemed "virtually durable".

Toyota has grown to a large multinational corporation from where it expanded and started to different globally countries and markets. Information technology displaced GM and became the world's largest vehicle maker for the year 2008. It presented the name of the most profitable automobile maker (US billion in 2006) along with increasing sales in, among other countries, the United States. The globe headquarters of Toyota are located with its home country in Toyota City, Japan. Its subsidiary, Toyota Financial Services offers financing and participates in other lines of business. Toyota brands include the corporation and Scion and Lexus falls under the Toyota Group. Toyota in addition owns 51% of Daihatsu, and 16.7% of Fuji Heavy Industries, which produces Subaru vehicles. These people also acquired 5.9% of Isuzu Motors Ltd. on November 7, 2006 and will be introducing Isuzu diesel technology into their goods.

Toyota has introduced new systems including one of many first mass-produced crossbreed gasoline-electric vehicles, of which it says it's sold 2 million globally as of 2010, Advanced Parking Guidance System (automatic parking), a four-speed electronically controlled automatic with keys for power and economic climate shifting, and an eight-speed automatic transmission. Toyota, and Toyota-produced Lexus and Scion automobiles, consistently rank near the top in particular quality and reliability surveys, primarily J.D. Power and Consumer accounts although they led in automobile recalls for the very first time in 2009.

In 2005, Toyota, mixed featuring its half-owned part Daihatsu Motor Company, produced 8.54 million vehicles, about 500,000 a lot fewer than the number produced by GM that year. Toyota has a large market share within the United States, but a small market share in Europe. Its in addition sells vehicles in Africa and is a marketplace leader in Australia. Because of its Daihatsu subsidiary it's significant market shares in several fast-growing Southeast Asian countries.

According to the 2008 Fortune worldwide 500, Toyota could be the fifth largest company into the world. Since the recession of 2001, it offers gained market share into the United States. Toyota's market share struggles in Europe where its Lexus brand has three tenths of one percent market share, compared to almost two % market share as the US luxury segment leader.

In the first three months of 2007, Toyota collectively featuring its half-owned part Daihatsu reported number one sales of 2.348 million units. Toyota's brand name sales had risen 9.2% largely on demand for Corolla and Camry sedans. The difference in performance had been mostly attributed to surging demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. In November 2006, Toyota Motor production Texas added a facility in San Antonio. Toyota has experienced quality problems and was reprimanded by the government in Japan for its recall practices. In 2007, Toyota maintained over 16% of the US market share and was listed second only to GM with regards to of volume. Toyota Century Royal is the official state car of the Japanese imperial family, namely for your current Emperor of Japan.

Toyota was hit by the global financial situation of 2008 as it was forced in December 2008 to forecast its first annual loss in 70 years. In January 2009 it announced the closing of all of its Japanese plants for 11 days to cut back stocks and output of unsold vehicles.

Akio Toyoda became the new CEO and president of the company on June 23, 2009 by replacing Katsuaki Watanabe who became the new vice chairman by changing Katsuhiro Nakagawa.